What does a higher buffering capacity in soil indicate?

A higher buffering capacity in soil indicates that it is harder to change elements like pH. Soil buffering capacity refers to the soil's ability to resist changes in pH when acids or bases are added. When soil has a high buffering capacity, it contains abundant clay and organic matter, which can absorb and neutralize excess hydrogen ions (in acidic conditions) or hydroxide ions (in alkaline conditions). This characteristic helps maintain a more stable environment for plant roots, ensuring that nutrient availability remains consistent despite external changes.

While soil structure and composition also affect water retention, the specific connection between buffering capacity and pH stability is fundamental in understanding soil chemistry and provides insights into managing soil properly for horticulture and agriculture.