Which practice is essential for preventing the spread of plant diseases?

Regular sanitation and disposal of dead plant material is crucial for preventing the spread of plant diseases. Dead plant material can harbor pathogens, such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, which can infect healthy plants if not removed. By regularly cleaning up fallen leaves, dead branches, and any other debris, you significantly reduce the chances of these diseases lingering in the environment. Additionally, disposing of this material properly—whether through composting methods that reach adequate temperatures to kill pathogens or by removing it from the garden—helps ensure that the diseases do not have a chance to re-infect other plants.

While fertilizing regularly, watering less frequently, and planting diverse species can all contribute to plant health and vigor, they do not directly address the immediate threat posed by existing infected materials. Fertilization can promote plant growth, but without controlling the sources of infection, the benefits may be lost. Similarly, while watering practices can affect plant health, they do not prevent the spread of diseases that may already be present. Planting diverse species can reduce the overall impact of certain diseases, but it does not eliminate the pathogens already in the environment. Therefore, effective sanitation practices remain the most direct method for controlling disease spread.